3. Coordinate Geometry
- Distance: d = √[(x₂−x₁)² + (y₂−y₁)²]
- Midpoint: ((x₁+x₂)/2, (y₁+y₂)/2)
- Slope: m = (y₂−y₁)/(x₂−x₁); perpendicular slope = −1/m
- Circle: (x−h)²+(y−k)²= r² → center (h,k), radius r
- Parabola vertex form: y = a(x−h)²+k → vertex (h,k)
Slope-intercept: y = mx + b
Point-slope: y − y₁ = m(x − x₁)
Standard: Ax + By = C
📝 Quick Example
Circle x²+y²−4x+6y = 3. Find center and radius.
Complete square: (x−2)²+(y+3)² = 16 → center (2,−3), r = 4
Answer: center (2,−3), r = 4